<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
<mods:mods xmlns:mods='http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3' xsi:schemaLocation='http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3 http://www.loc.gov/standards/mods/v3/mods-3-7.xsd' version='3.7' xmlns:xlink='http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink' xmlns:xsi='http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance'>
  <mods:titleInfo displayLabel='primary_display' usage='primary'>
    <mods:title>Linguistic families of American Indians north of Mexico</mods:title>
  </mods:titleInfo>
  <mods:name type='personal'>
    <mods:namePart>Powell, John Wesley</mods:namePart>
    <mods:namePart type='date'>1834-1902</mods:namePart>
    <mods:role>
      <mods:roleTerm authority='marcrelator' authorityURI='http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators' type='text' valueURI='http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators/cre'>Creator</mods:roleTerm>
    </mods:role>
  </mods:name>
  <mods:typeOfResource>Cartographic</mods:typeOfResource>
  <mods:genre authority='gmgpc' authorityURI='http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/graphicMaterials' displayLabel='general' valueURI='http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/graphicMaterials/tgm006261'>Maps</mods:genre>
  <mods:originInfo>
    <mods:place>
      <mods:placeTerm type='text'>N[ew] Y[ork]</mods:placeTerm>
    </mods:place>
    <mods:publisher>Julius Bien &amp; Co., Lith.</mods:publisher>
    <mods:issuance>monographic</mods:issuance>
    <mods:dateCreated encoding='w3cdtf' keyDate='yes' qualifier='questionable'>1907</mods:dateCreated>
  </mods:originInfo>
  <mods:language>
    <mods:languageTerm authority='iso639-2b' authorityURI='http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/iso639-2' type='text' valueURI='http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/iso639-2/eng'>English</mods:languageTerm>
  </mods:language>
  <mods:physicalDescription>
    <mods:digitalOrigin>reformatted digital</mods:digitalOrigin>
    <mods:extent>1 map : col. ; 50 x 43 cm.</mods:extent>
    <mods:internetMediaType>image/jpeg</mods:internetMediaType>
    <mods:internetMediaType>image/tiff</mods:internetMediaType>
    <mods:internetMediaType>image/jp2</mods:internetMediaType>
  </mods:physicalDescription>
  <mods:abstract>America Transformed: Originally displayed at Chicago's 1893 World Fair, this reconstructed map shows the distribution of major Indigenous language families at the time of European contact. Most maps published in the 1890s only depicted Indian reservations, but this map recognized that Native people originally controlled and inhabited all of North America. The map was compiled by John Wesley Powell, who studied the Colorado River, Grand Canyon, and local Native tribes during the 1870s while leading the Interior Department's Geographical and Geological Survey of the Rocky Mountain Region. Later, Powell became the first director of the Smithsonian Institution's Bureau of Ethnology, which archived government records relating to Native people and promoted anthropological research.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;America Transformed: Viewpoint: The Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act legislates the return of Native Ancestors' remains and cultural items. However, anthropological maps such as this one can create ongoing obstacles. Scholars contend the Tongva (grouped into the outdated Shoshonean language family) moved to Southern California around 4,000 years ago. Some academic and cultural institutions will not return Ancestors to the Tongva that are older than this, stating they belong to tribes that predated the Tongva. Yet our oral traditions say we have always been here. Those are our Ancestors. We want them back. –Desiree R. Martinez, Tongva (Gabrielino), M.A. from Harvard University</mods:abstract>
  <mods:note>From F.W. Hodge's Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico. Vol. 1. 1907. (Smithsonian Institution. Bureau of American Ethnology. Bullentin, no. 30)</mods:note>
  <mods:note>Insets: N.E. Siberia -- Aleutian Islands.</mods:note>
  <mods:note type='statement of responsibility'>by J.W. Powell.</mods:note>
  <mods:note type='exhibitions'>Exhibited: "America Transformed. Part 2: Homesteads to Modern Cities," organized by the Norman B. Leventhal Map &amp; Education Center at the Boston Public Library, 2019-2020.</mods:note>
  <mods:subject authority='lcsh' authorityURI='http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects'>
    <mods:topic>Indians of North America--Languages--Maps</mods:topic>
  </mods:subject>
  <mods:subject authority='lcsh' authorityURI='http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects'>
    <mods:topic>North America--Maps</mods:topic>
  </mods:subject>
  <mods:subject authority='tgn' authorityURI='http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn' valueURI='http://vocab.getty.edu/tgn/7029440'>
    <mods:hierarchicalGeographic>
      <mods:area>North America</mods:area>
    </mods:hierarchicalGeographic>
    <mods:cartographics>
      <mods:coordinates>58.166,-104.466</mods:coordinates>
    </mods:cartographics>
  </mods:subject>
  <mods:subject>
    <mods:cartographics>
      <mods:coordinates>-198.0728301796513 -1.7828284834620263 -8.446727564783941 81.86664793152168</mods:coordinates>
    </mods:cartographics>
  </mods:subject>
  <mods:subject>
    <mods:cartographics>
      <mods:scale>Scale [ca. 1:15,400,000]</mods:scale>
    </mods:cartographics>
  </mods:subject>
  <mods:relatedItem type='host'>
    <mods:titleInfo>
      <mods:title>Norman B. Leventhal Map Center Collection</mods:title>
    </mods:titleInfo>
  </mods:relatedItem>
  <mods:identifier type='uri'>https://ark.digitalcommonwealth.org/ark:/50959/7h149w93v</mods:identifier>
  <mods:identifier type='local-barcode'>39999065653881</mods:identifier>
  <mods:identifier type='local-call'>G3301.E3 1907 .P69</mods:identifier>
  <mods:identifier type='local-other'>06_01_008429</mods:identifier>
  <mods:location>
    <mods:physicalLocation>Boston Public Library</mods:physicalLocation>
    <mods:holdingSimple>
      <mods:copyInformation>
        <mods:subLocation>Norman B. Leventhal Map Center</mods:subLocation>
      </mods:copyInformation>
    </mods:holdingSimple>
  </mods:location>
  <mods:location>
    <mods:url access='object in context' usage='primary'>https://ark.digitalcommonwealth.org/ark:/50959/7h149w93v</mods:url>
    <mods:url access='preview'>https://ark.digitalcommonwealth.org/ark:/50959/7h149w93v/thumbnail</mods:url>
    <mods:url note='iiif-manifest'>https://ark.digitalcommonwealth.org/ark:/50959/7h149w93v/manifest</mods:url>
  </mods:location>
  <mods:accessCondition displayLabel='license' type='use and reproduction'>No known restrictions on use.</mods:accessCondition>
  <mods:accessCondition displayLabel='rights' type='use and reproduction'>No known copyright restrictions.</mods:accessCondition>
  <mods:recordInfo>
    <mods:recordContentSource>Boston Public Library</mods:recordContentSource>
    <mods:recordCreationDate encoding='w3cdtf'>2021-11-13T04:51:33Z</mods:recordCreationDate>
    <mods:recordChangeDate encoding='w3cdtf'>2021-11-13T04:51:33Z</mods:recordChangeDate>
    <mods:recordOrigin>human prepared</mods:recordOrigin>
    <mods:languageOfCataloging>
      <mods:languageTerm authority='iso639-2b' authorityURI='http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/iso639-2' type='code' valueURI='http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/iso639-2/eng'>eng</mods:languageTerm>
    </mods:languageOfCataloging>
    <mods:descriptionStandard authority='marcdescription'>aacr</mods:descriptionStandard>
  </mods:recordInfo>
</mods:mods>