These field notes were taken from Aram Udol, the translator working with Joel M. Halpern during his time spent in Laos with the United States Operations Mission. Topics include "coolies" (Kamu workers) and the pay they receive; information gleaned from interviewing a group of silversmiths; the cost of food; Lao beliefs; and the legend about the ancestors of Luang Prabang, Phou Ngeu Nya Ngeu.
All rights for this image are held by Joel M. Halpern. Requests to publish, redistribute, or replicate this material should be addressed to Special Collections and University Archives, University of Massachusetts Amherst Libraries.
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